Swedge.



Rt E. LEONARD 61H, (BEARING.

` SWEDGE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPLZOVIBKG. 1. ,2?911 3@ 11110111611 S6111. 17,1918.

R. E. LEONARD & I-I. SHARING.

swene. APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 20. ISIS.

Pawn@ I pt. 17, I9I8.

2 S E Sv-SIIEEI.' Z.

UNITED STATES PATENT FFICE.

ROY E. LEONARD AND HARRY GEARING, OFILOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA, ASSIGNORS,

BY DIRECT AND MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, OF PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA, AND

or ONE-HALF 'ro FRANK w. A. FINLEY, ONE-HALF To sAID LEONARD. v

SWEDGE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept. 17, 1918.

To all whom it may concern.'

Be it known that we, ROY E. LEONARD and HARRY GEARING, respectively a citizen of the United States and a subject of-Great Britain, and both residing at Los Angeles, in the county of Los Angeles and State of California, have jointly invented new and useful Improvements in Swedges, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to swedges, and more particularly to swedges for enlarging tubing or casing for the purpose of emplacing the same so as to seal. off portions of well holes, as against intrusion by oil, water or other fluid, and topi-event caving in of the well hole structure, during and subsequent to the boring or drilling of the saine. The invention particularly relates to a swedge capable of use in connection with the practice of other inventions produced by us, namely, improvements in the art of wellproducing or earth-boring, and an improved article of manufacture, which arev respectively disclosed and claimed in two applications for U. S. Letters Patent led by us September l, 1916, and numbered, respectively, 118,128 and 118,129.` In accordance with said other inventions, casing or tubing is provided and introduced within the well hole, in such relatively contracted form or in such condition or of such dimensionsthat it may be expanded or enlarged and caused to bear against and be seated inor seated in engagement with the structural wall of the well hole. A swedge is referred to as being suitable or preferable for this purpose, and the present invention aims at the provision of a particularly or peculiarly adapted swedge for so operating upon the casing or tubing, to enlarge or expand it and force it into positions of servicel in engagement with the structural wall of the well hole.

With the above and other general objects in view, the invention has for further objects the provision of an improved swedge which will be superior in point of relative simplicity and inexpensiveness of construction or organization, taken in connection with durability, reliability in service', positiveness in operation, facility and convenience in,

application or use and withdrawal from sphere of use, and facility in control, and which will be generally superior in efficiency and serviceability.

The invention consists in the novel and useful provision, formation, combination, association and relative arrangement of parts, members and features, all as hereinafter described, shown inthe 4drawings and finally pointed out in claims.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a central longitudinal sectional view, partly in elevation, of an improved swedge constructed and organized in accordance with the invention, the same being shown in position of parts assumed prior to introduction of the device into the well hole or casing therein, to be lowered to Zone of service in the hole; Y

Fig. 2 is an outer face view of one of the slips or bits o-f the improved swedge as shown in Fig. 1, the same being in detached position;

Fig. 3 is a view similarto modified form of "construction:

Fig. 4 is a detail transverse sectional view, taken upon the line @c4-r2 Fig. 1, and looking in the direction of the appended arrows;

Fig. 5 is a detail bottom view, taken upon the lino QoS-x5, Fig. l, and looking in the direction of the appended arrows;

Fig. 6 is a detail transverse sectional view, taken upon the line xfs-m6, Fig. 1; s

Fig. 7 is an enlarged detail fragmentary vertical sectional view, taken upon the line 007-037, Fig. 4.

Fig. 8 is a detail enlarged transverse fragmentary sectional view, taken upon the line .t5-m8, Fig. 7, and looking in the direction of the appended arrows;

Fig. 9 is a fragmentary detail enlarged side elevation, looking in the direction of the single detached arrow in Fig. 1; and,

Fig. 10 is a detail fragmentary transverse sectional view,` taken upon the line x10-m10, Fig. 9.

Corresponding parts in all the figures are designated by the same reference characters.

Referring with particularity to the drawings, the improved swedge disclosed therein Fig. 2 of a as embodying the invention, comprises a body member A with which coperate slips or bitsB mounted adjustably in connection with said body member, so as to move lengthwise thereof in both expansion and contraction, or into and out of position for service. The body member in the main comprises a joint member a shown as a tapered threaded portion at the upper end ot' the body A, for connection with the string of tools, such as jars and cables, whereby the string of tools and the swedge may be vertically reciprocated in,.and.lowered and raised in, the well hole. Next beneath the joint member a is a suitable square by which the joint member a may be turned in screwing and'unscrewing operations. Next beneath the square b is a slip or bit guide and holder c, immediately in connection with which the slips or bits B are mounted. This guide or holder c is provided with a plurality of lateral faces 11, four of which are indicated in the drawings, and each of which broadens laterally in its upward extension, and' flares outwardly or is outwardly and upwardly inclined, and is provided with a dovetail` groove 11 constitut ing a way for the respective bit or slip B, one of which is applied to each of such ways, and is provided with a dovetail flange 11b cooperating with such way; whereby the slips or bits B, each of which comprises a vertically elongated body 12, may play vertically of the guide or holder c, so as to be terminal portion 14 of projected outwardly upon ascent and inwardly upon descent, to the end that all of such slips or bits may be closely assembled when in lowered positions, as shown in Fig. 1, and projected materially when elevated from the ,positions shown in Fig. 1. When in lowered position such bits or slips rest upon a seat or annular face 13 surrounding the bottom portion ol the holder or guide c, and constituting the upper face of a lower the body member A, which may be separable therefrom and screwed thereto by co-acting threads 15 therefrom andy upon the'lower end of the guide or holder `0. When the bits or slips are in their elevated positions they are expanded ready for service, and when in lowered positions they are contracted so as to be passed through the tubing or casing without engaging with the inner walls thereof. The body member A also includes a shank l'between the square o andthe uppe1 'end of the guide or hold-er fc, which is screw-'threadedas at 17 to receive an adl justable slip stop 18 int-he form of a nut having threadsl co-acting with the threads 17; a .loch nut 19 being applied to ith'e same thread 17 abovethe :adjustable lstop 18 rand the lower portion oit the :stop nut 18- being recessed as at 1.?8a to accommodate the tor-v l having a detachable which is threaded into the slip body 12, as at 24, and holds all of the balls of the parmation of the guide and holder c as such stop nut is adjusted.' Y

Each of the slip bodies 12 is chainbered plurally, as clearly shown in Figs. -1, 2, 4, 7 and 8, to receive in each instance a nest of anti-friction deviCQS, Shown-as balls, 20, in engagement with which is held a working anti-friction device, shown as a ball 21, said balls being held in position by a boxing 22 langed portion 28 tieular, nest concerned in place.

Cooperating with the nuts 18 and 19 are bowed leaf springs 22 the lower ends of which are fixed tothe slip bodies 12 at their upper ends, as at 23, and are bowed out wardly and then returnedinwardly toward their upper ends to bear upon one of the said nuts 18 or 19v frictionally. A separate suitable locking device e is applied to the body portion or `guide and holder c `foreach of the slips Band separately cooperates with the same, comprising a spring re- A tracted latch member 25, suitably mounted in the body member A, so as tofbe capable of projection outwardly of the body portion o, being provided outwardly thereof with a head 25a which takes into a notch 25b in the top surface of the respective slip body 12.

Each slip body 12 is urged upwardly by a separate compression member consisting of a spring projected plunger 26 mounted in a separate chamber`27 inthe lower terminal portion -14 of the body member A, and bearing in a. suitable recess 28 in the lower end of such slip body. Y

As shown in Fig. 8 each of the bits or slip bodies 12 may be produced w'th a modilied Jform of construction including an outer facial portion havingV a lurality of transverse cutting edges or bears or Vserintions 29, the purpose of which will be hereinafter described, and which surfacetakes the place of the outer face in which balls 20 and 21 are mounted as shown in the otherv figures of the drawings. s

Each of the slip bodies 12 may be pro-r vided with a lateral extension asat l2, the next adjacent slip on. one side 'being cut away fas at 12b to accommodate such extension 12, and such co-engagement of lateral extension 12a with an adjacent slip, pro vides an interlocking engagement as loetween the several slips, whereby longitudinal movement of lone ofthe slip bodies causes the longitudinal movement ot all of the others otsuch slipbodics, thu-s providing for actuation ot any one of the slips which may tend to stick by Vthe -combined action of all et theother slips. This overlapping rel-ation ofi the sliji'rsfalso'j` for a continuity of slip etructurewhiei at idee proper vof the slips, provides for contactwith the'casing walls throughout the entire j j 19, into the positions tically,

internal diameter thereof; furthermore, each such lateral extension may carry an antifriction device 21.

The operation, method of use and advan tages of the improved swedge constituting the invention will be readily understood from the foregoing description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings and the following statement:

The slips may readily be put into place from the lower end of the guide or holder c, when the terminal portion 14: is detached from position at the threads 15, and thereafter the slips are confined as between such replaced portion 14 and the stop nut 18.

When it is desired to introduce the swedge in the well hole or easing therein, the slips are brought into the lower positions shown in Fig. 1, against the compression of the springsof the plungers 26, and the springs 22 ride downwardly over4 the nuts 18 and shown in` Fig. 1. The latch members 25 are then drawn outwardly so that their heads 25a enter the notches 25". This prevents the bits from rising under the action of the compression of the plungers 26. This action is also enhanced b the pressure of the bowed springs 22. When the slips have comebeneath the casing or have been passed through the hole into position to operate upon the smallerV casing to be expanded,rsaid slips, which normally do not project beyond the periphery of the device as defined by the nuts 18 and 19, enter such casing to be expanded, and the springs 22 are pressed inwardly within such casing to beexpanded. Such pressure holds the slips B relatively stationary while the string is elevated, elevating the body member A, to a degree permitted 4by the slight space'allowed to intervene beneath the lower ends of the slip bodies 12 and the upper end of the ,bodyterminal portion 14, so thatthe heads 25a upon the latch members 25 may clear the recesses 25h, where-A upon the latch members 25 are projected inwardly, andA whenvthe string and body member A are subsequently lowered the slips ride upwardly inclined in the ways 11, the springs 22 riding over the nuts 18 and`19, and eventually, by frictional vengagement with either of said nuts, serve to hold the slips in elevated positions, cooperating to that end with the spring compression plungers 26.

The swedge may now be reciprocated verand each down stroke will cause the balls 21 to ride over the inner face of the tubingor casingtobe expanded, such balls causing expansion with a minimum of friction, taken together with a maximum Vof expanding eiiciency. Upon each upward stroke of the swedge the slips B may be retracted by downward movement, to be again expanded and caused` to ascend upon succeeding downward movement of the device, all pursuant to reciprocation of the cable or cable and string carrying the swedge. To withdraw the swedge it is simply pulled upwardly through the hole or casing.

The modified form of construction shown in Fig.` 8 may be utilized to cut away any unexpanded portion of the tubing vor casing, such as any portion overlapping an inwardly projecting shoulder or annular formation in the Well hole, the action of such modified form of slip being similar to that of a file or other rasping device.

It is manifest that many modifications, substitutions, alterations and variations with respect to the disclosure of the foregoing description and statement and the drawings, may be made, in practising the invention and in adapting the same to varying conditions of use and service',` without departing from the true spirit of the invention or a fair interpretation thereof.

Having thus disclosed our invention, we claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent:

1. In improvements of the character disclosed, a body, a swedge member mounted to play upon the body for expansion and contraction, means for normally and releasingly retaining the member in contracted position, said body and'member being adapted to be inserted into a well casing to be expanded, and means automatically releasing said retaining meanswhen said body and member ente-r the casing to be treated, whereby the member is permitted expansion. v

2. In improvements of the character disclosed, a body, a swedge member mounted to play upon the body for expansion and contraction, said body and swedge member being adapted to be inserted into a well casing which is to be expanded, means normally and releasingly retaining the member in contraeted position and acting to release said member lupon relativev movement of the member and body, and means for producing such relativel movement when the body and member enter well tubing to be expanded.

3.V In improvements of the character disclosed, a body, a swedge member mounted to play upon the body for expansion and contraction, said body and swedge member being adapted to be inserted into well cas ing which is to be expanded, means normally and temporarily. retaining said member in contracted position and acting to release said member upon relative movement of the body and member, and means for automatically producing such relative movement upon entrance of the body and member into thewell casing to be treated, said last named means acting temporarilyv to hold said member against longitudinal movement. l'

improved device of the character .3 adapted to act upon disclosed, .Comprising e body a. Swede@ ber mounted to play upon the body for'. ex-, parisien and contraction, and means nor.- mally and vtemporarily retaining the member in contracted position and acting to release said member uponrelative movement of the body and'member; means exerting a tendency to move the member into position of expansion, and means to produce relative movement of the body and member so as to release said member When the body and memberareinserted into a Well casing which is to be expanded by said member.

5. An improved device of the character disclosed, comprising a bod a svvedg'emember mounted to play upon the body for expansion and contraction, and means nor-` mally and temporarily retaining the member in contracted position and acting to release said member upon relative movement of the body and member; means being provided for producing such relative movement When the body and member enter ay Well casing Which is to be expanded; and means exerting a f tendency -to move the member into position of expansion.

v6. An improved device of the character disclosed, comprising a body, a s-Wedge member mounted to play upon the body for ex-A pansion and contraction, and meansl normally and temporarily retaining the member in contracted position and acting to release said'memberv upon relative movement of the body and ymember; said member being n a Well casing or the .like to expand the same, and means coperating With said body and the member and adapted to engage the inner Wall of a ivell casing vvhenthe body and member are inserted into a Well casing, acting to produce relative movement of the body and member,

7, An improved device of the :character disclosed, Comprising .e body a membei mounted to play upon the body for expansion and contraction, and means normally and temporarily retaining the member in contracted position and acting to release said member upon relative movement of the body and me ber; said member being adapted Ito act upon a vvell casing or the like to expand the same, and an element mounted to move when in contact With such ,casing or the like, and means acting vvlien the body and member are inserted Within a Well casing Which is to be expanded, toproduce relative movement of the body and member, said means being operated through engagement with the vvell casing.

8. yAn improved device of the character disclosed, comprising a body, a member mounted' to play upon the body for expanf sion and contraction, and means normally and temporarily retaining the member in contracted position and acting ,to release said 6.5, member upon relative movement 0f the bQfly y ber mounted to play upon tarea Q and member; saidrnember being adapted to act'upona'well ycasing or the like to expand the same, and beingv provided With an element mounted tomove vvheii in contact with such casing Aor the like;4 saidy movable ele# ment being provided With `-an anti-friction mounting.. and means lfor producing relat`ve movement Aof theA body and member When' the body and member are inserted Within a'vvell casing Which is to be treated.

9. An improved device of the character disclosed, comprising a body, a svvedge memi the body for expansion and contraction, andmeansv normally andV temporarily retaining the member in contracted position and acting to release said member upon relative movement ofthe body and member; said body being provided 'With an upwardly inclined Way, and said member being mounted to move inl expansion and contraction in said Way, and means actuated When the body and member are inserted vvvithin a vvell'casing which is'to rbe expanded, to automatically producerelative movement of the body and member and release said retaining means.

' 10. An improved device of the character disclosed, comprising ya body, a svvedgemem# ber mounted to play upon the body for expansion Vand contraction, and means normally and temporarily retaining the member in contracted position and acting to re'- le'ase said member upon'relative movement of the body and member; said body being provided vvithl an upwardly inclined Way, and said member being mounted to'move inV expansion and contraction in 'said Way; a compression device being mountedupon the body and exerting a, tendency to move said member Vinto position .of expansion, and iotaV means for automatically producing such relative movement and releasing the retaining member When the body and member are placedV Within a vvell casing which is to be expanded. Y l

11. An improved'device of the character disclosed, comprising a body, a member mounted to play upon the body for expansion and contractiomand means normally and temporarily ret ining the member in contracted position; said means being re-v leased'uponrelative movement of .the 'body and member; said member being provided With a yielding element adapted to cooperate with a Well casing or the like to produce relative movement of said member and said body upon movement of oneo the same.

12. in improved device of the character disclosed, "comprising a body, a. jm'ember mounted to play upon the body for expansion and contraction, and means normally and temporarily retaining the member in contracted position said means being relasediepca relative movement of the body .sleeper-5 .Said maar @eine iovsed, te@

with a yielding element adapted to coperate with a well casing or the like to produce relative movement of said member and said body upon movement of the body.

13. An improved device of the character disclosed, comprising a body, a member mounted to play upon the body for eXpansion and contraction, and locking means normally and temporarily retaining the member in contracted position; said locking means being released upon relative movement of the body and member said member being provided with a yielding element adapted to coperate'with a well casing or the like to produce relative movement of said member and said body upon movement of the body; said locking means comprising a latch carried by the body and normally confined within the same, and compression means being provided upon the body and exerting a tendency to move said member into position of expansion.

14. An improved device of the character disclosed, comprising a body, a swedge member mounted to play upon the body' for eX- pansion and contraction, and means normally and temporarily retaining the mem? ber in contracted position being released upon relative movement of the body `and member; said body being provided with an adjustable device limiting the expansion of said member, and means for producing relative movement of said body and member when the latter are inserted within a well casing which is to be expanded.

15. An improved device of the character disclosed, comprising a body, and a plurality of swedge members mounted to play longitudinally upon the body for expansion and contraction; said members each being pro- Uopies of this patent may be obtained for ve cents each, by addressing the vided with an extension adapted for co-engagement with an adjacent member whereby joint longitudinal travel of said members is insured.

16. An improved device of the character disclosed, comprising a body, and a plurality of swedge members mounted to play longitudinally upon the body for expansion and contraction; said members each being provided with an extension adaptedV for co-engagement with an adjacent member whereby joint longitudinal movement of the members is insured; each of said extensions carrying an anti-friction device.

17. In improvements of the character disclosed, a body member, a swedge member movable upon the body member for eXpansion and contraction, means at all times eX- erting a tendency to move said member into position of expansion, means to normally and releasingly hold said member in position of contraction against the action of said first named means, and means for automatically releasing said retaining means when the 'body member and swedge member are inserted within a well casing which is to be expanded, said last named means being actuated through engagement with the casing and effecting release of said retaining means through movement of one of said members relative to the other.

In testimony whereof, we have signed our names to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

RoY E. LEONARD. HARRY GEARING.

Witnesses:

ALFRED H. DAEHLER, RAYMOND IvEs BLAKESLEE.

commissioner of Patents,

Washington, 1D. 0. 

